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1.
Rev. bras. saúde ocup ; 44: e11, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042556

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivos: compreender os aspectos positivos e negativos das experiências relacionadas ao trabalho relatadas por indivíduos com esquizofrenia, usuários de um ambulatório de especialidades envolvido em um programa de inclusão laboral. Métodos: estudo com abordagem qualitativa e observacional. Onze participantes responderam a uma pergunta norteadora aberta: "o que você percebe como aspectos positivos e negativos na sua experiência de trabalho?". Os dados foram categorizados por meio de análise temática. Resultados: foram identificadas 4 categorias: sobrecarga e falta de informação/orientação no trabalho; a importância da remuneração; assumindo responsabilidades, esperança e superação; a vivência da doença, o cuidado com a saúde e o trabalho. O estudo mostrou a importância de buscar estratégias eficazes de inclusão laboral para indivíduos com esquizofrenia, que considerem as especificidades da doença e os fatores estressantes relacionados ao trabalho como potenciais desencadeadores de sofrimento físico e emocional. Conclusão: é fundamental investir em ações que possibilitem efetiva inclusão laboral de pessoas com esquizofrenia. Tais medidas devem contemplar os portadores de esquizofrenia, suas famílias, as empresas e os profissionais dos serviços de saúde mental. As especificidades da doença, as necessidades, os interesses e o potencial da pessoa devem ser considerados.


Abstract Objectives: to understand the positive and negative aspects of work-related experiences reported by individuals with schizophrenia who use a specialty outpatient clinic involved in a work inclusion program. Methods: observational qualitative approach study. Eleven participants answered an open guiding question: "what do you see as positive and negative in your work experience?". Data were categorized by thematic analysis. Results: four categories were identified: overload and lack of information/guidance at work; the importance of remuneration; assuming responsibility, hope and overcoming; disease experience, health and work care. The study showed the importance of seeking effective labor inclusion strategies for individuals with schizophrenia. These strategies have to consider the disease specificities and work-related stressors as potential triggers of physical and emotional distress. Conclusion: it is essential to invest in actions that enable effective labor inclusion of people with schizophrenia. Such measures should include individuals with schizophrenia, their families, the companies and mental health professionals, taking into accountthe disease specificities, the person's needs, interests and potential.

2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 40(1): 35-40, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-899395

ABSTRACT

Objective: Work is considered one of the main forms of social organization; however, few individuals with schizophrenia find work opportunities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between schizophrenia symptoms and job acquisition. Method: Fifty-three individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia from an outpatient treatment facility were included in an 18-month follow-up study. After enrollment, they participated in a prevocational training group. At the end of training (baseline) and 18 months later, sociodemographic, clinical data and occupational history were collected. Positive and negative symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - PANSS), depression (Calgary Depression Scale), disease severity (Clinical Global Impression - CGI), functionality (Global Assessment of Functioning - GAF), personal and social performance (Personal and Social Performance - PSP) and cognitive functions (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia - MATRICS battery) were applied at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: Those with some previous work experience (n=19) presented lower scores on the PANSS, Calgary, GAF, CGI and PSP scales (p < 0.05) than those who did not work. Among those who worked, there was a slight worsening in positive symptoms (positive PANSS). Conclusions: Individuals with less severe symptoms were more able to find employment. Positive symptom changes do not seem to affect participation at work; however, this calls for discussion about the importance of employment support.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Schizophrenic Psychology , Psychological Distance , Social Support , Employment/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Severity of Illness Index , Follow-Up Studies , Symptom Assessment , Work Performance
3.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 42(6): 165-170, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-767839

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Despite of its global underuse, clozapine is still the golden standard antipsychotic for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Objective To evaluate the patterns of clozapine and other antipsychotic drugs prescription in TRS in community mental health centers in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods A multiple-choice questionnaire was applied to fifteen psychiatrists at five centers inquiring about patients’ clinical condition, adherence to oral treatment and current antipsychotic treatment. History of previous and current antipsychotic treatment was collected through medical chart review. Results Out of 442 schizophrenia patients, 103 (23.3%) fulfilled the criteria for TRS. Fifty-eight patients (56.3%) were receiving polypharmacy; 30 (29.1%) were on atypical antipsychotic monotherapy, 14 (13.6%) were on typical antipsychotic monotherapy, 25 (24.3%) were taking depot antipsychotic medication and only 22 (21.4%) were receiving clozapine. Discussion As well as in other parts of the world, many TRS patients (78.6%) receive other drugs instead of clozapine in São Paulo, the best evidence-based medication for patients with TRS. The government should make every effort to provide medical training and the equipment and logistic support to adequately serve those who could benefit from clozapine treatment at the community health centers.

4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 37(4): 271-279, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770006

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the effects of 20 weeks of resistance and concurrent training on psychotic and depressive symptoms, quality of life outcomes, and serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In this blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, 34 patients with schizophrenia were assigned to one of three groups: control (CTRL, n=13), resistance exercise (RESEX, n=12), or concurrent exercise (CONCEX, n=9). Symptoms, quality of life, strength, and other variables were assessed. Results: A significant time-by-group interaction was found for the RESEX and CONCEX groups on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score for disease symptoms (p = 0.007), positive symptoms (p = 0.003), and on the arm extension one-repetition maximum (1RM) test (p = 0.016). In addition, significant improvements on negative symptoms (p = 0.027), on the role-physical domain of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (p = 0.019), and on the chest press 1RM test (p = 0.040) were observed in the RESEX group. No changes were observed for the other variables investigated. Conclusions: In this sample of patients with schizophrenia, 20 weeks of resistance or concurrent exercise program improved disease symptoms, strength, and quality of life. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01674543.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Exercise Therapy/methods , Resistance Training/methods , Schizophrenia/rehabilitation , Analysis of Variance , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood , /blood , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Muscle Strength/physiology , Quality of Life , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Single-Blind Method , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
5.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 39(1): 12-18, 2012. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-620423

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: Existe uma forte associação entre um bom funcionamento psicossocial e a habilidade de realizar tarefas diárias em pacientes com esquizofrenia. Instrumentos válidos tornam-se cada vez mais necessários para avaliar o desempenho desses pacientes nas atividades de vida independente. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Habilidades de Vida Independente - versão do paciente (ILSS-BR/P) em portadores de esquizofrenia. MÉTODOS: Confiabilidade foi avaliada pelo teste-reteste, entre observadores e consistência interna. Além disso, a validade de construto, discriminante e concorrente, foi avaliada. RESULTADOS: Cinquenta pacientes foram incluídos no estudo entre observadores, com 64,4% de concordância entre as respostas e uma variação de 0,80-0,99 do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasses (ICC). Quarenta e seis pacientes participaram do teste-reteste, e o ICC variou de 0,84-0,94, com 44,3% de concordância. A consistência interna apresentou bom resultado (0,23-0,98). Cento e sessenta pacientes participaram da validação. Na validade discriminante, as mulheres apresentaram desempenho superior no escore global e em cinco subescalas quando comparadas aos homens. A validade concorrente confirmou a especificidade das dimensões da escala, comparando a ILSS com a PANSS, Calgary, CGI, GAF, WHOQOL e Autoestima de Rosemberg. CONCLUSÃO: A ILSS-BR/P é um instrumento de pesquisa válido e confiável para avaliar o funcionamento social desses pacientes.


BACKGROUND: There is a strong association between good psychosocial functioning and the ability to carry out everyday tasks in patients with schizophrenia. Valid instruments become increasingly necessary to evaluate the performance of these patients in independent living activities. OBJECTIVE: To adapt and assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS-BR/P) in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Reliability was assessed with test-retest, interrater and internal consistency. Furthermore, construct, discriminant and concurrent validity were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included in the interrater study, with an agreement of 64.4% between responses and an Intraclass Correlation (ICC) ranged from 0.80-0.99. Forty-six patients participated in the test-retest, with an ICC ranged from 0.84-0.94 and an agreement of 44.3%. The internal consistency was good (0.23-0.98). Hundred and sixty patients participated in the validation. Regarding to the discriminant validity, female patients presented a higher performance in the overall score and five subscales compared with men. The concurrent validity confirmed the specificity of the dimensions of the scale, comparing the ILSS with the PANSS, Calgary, CGI, GAF, WHOQOL and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem. DISCUSSION: The ILSS-BR/P is a valid and reliable research instrument to assess social functioning in patients with schizophrenia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Activities of Daily Living , Schizophrenia , Personality Inventory , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results
6.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-596407

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a non-pharmacological intervention for weight gain management in severe mental disorders. METHOD: An open, multicentre interventional study was conducted in 93 mental health services. Patients concerned with weight gain were included in this study and received a 12-week 1-hour group intervention focused on nutrition counseling, lifestyle, physical activity and self-esteem. Weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: 1,071 patients were enrolled in the study, and 73.9 percent completed the 12-week intervention. Significant weight loss (Mean difference: 0.41, CI 95 percent: 0.18 to 0.64, p = 0.001) and a significant BMI reduction (Mean difference: 0.13, CI 95 percent: 0.04 to 0.22, p = 0.006) were observed. During the intervention 37 (4.4 percent) patients lost > 7 percent of their initial weight, 780 (92.5 percent) maintained their weight, and 26 (3.1 percent) of the patients had a meaningful weight gain (> 7 percent). There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients undertaking physical activity after the intervention (70.8 percent, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this 3-month open study we found a small weight and waist reduction, and increased physical activity practice, suggesting a trend towards anthropometric profile improvement. However, further randomized-controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and clinical relevance of this psychosocial intervention for weight gain.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção não farmacológica no manejo do ganho de peso para pacientes com transtornos mentais graves. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo aberto multicêntrico longitudinal em 93 serviços de saúde. Pacientes preocupados com o peso foram incluídos e participaram de uma intervenção em grupo de uma hora de duração durante 12 semanas com foco em educação alimentar, atividade física e autoestima. Peso, circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial foram avaliados antes e após a intervenção. RESULTADOS: 1071 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, 73,9 por cento completaram a intervenção. Foram observados diminuição de peso e índice de massa corporal significativos (peso: diferença da média: 0,41, IC 95 por cento: 0,18-0,64, p = 0,001; índice de massa corporal: diferença da média: 0,13, IC 95 por cento: 0,04-0,22, p = 0,006). Após a intervenção, 37 (4,4 por cento) pacientes perderam mais que 7 por cento do peso inicial, 780 (92,5 por cento) mantiveram o peso e 26 (3,1 por cento) dos pacientes apresentaram ganho de peso acima de 7 por cento. Houve aumento da proporção de pacientes que praticavam atividade física (70,8 por cento, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Encontramos uma pequena redução de peso e cinturae aumento de atividade física, sugerindo uma tendência à melhora no perfil antropométrico. Ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados são necessários para avaliar a eficácia e a relevância clínica dessa intervenção.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mental Disorders/complications , Obesity/therapy , Weight Reduction Programs/methods , Body Mass Index , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Longitudinal Studies , Mental Health Services , Motor Activity , Obesity/complications , Obesity/psychology , Self Concept , Socioeconomic Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 53(4): 391-398, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-520762

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com esquizofrenia têm maior prevalência de obesidade em comparação à população geral. Esse fato está relacionado a uma alimentação inadequada, ao sedentarismo e ao uso de antipsicóticos. O aumento da obesidade associa-se a diversos distúrbios metabólicos, como o diabetes melito. As intervenções para prevenção e controle do ganho de peso são necessárias nessa população, em especial as intervenções não farmacológicas. OBJETIVO: Revisar os estudos sobre intervenções não farmacológicas para prevenção e controle do ganho de peso em pacientes com esquizofrenia. MÉTODOS: Foram encontrados oito estudos controlados e quatro não controlados sobre intervenções não farmacológicas. Foi feita uma revisãosobre a metodologia e os fatores positivos e limitações dos estudos. CONCLUSÕES: As intervenções não farmacológicas parecem ter um efeito importante em termos de prevenção e controle do ganho de peso e, portanto, devem ser incentivadas e adaptadas à realidade dos pacientes e serviços de saúde.


INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenic patients have a higher prevalence of obesity than the general population. There are several factors implicated in weight gain, including poor dietary conditions, sedentary lifestyle and antipsychotic drugs use. Obesity is also associated with metabolic disturbances such as diabetes mellitus. Weight gain interventions are necessary in this population, especially non- pharmacological interventions. OBJECTIVE: To review the non-pharmacological interventions for weight gain management in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Eight clinical trials and four open-label studies using these interventions were found. The methodology, strength and limitations of the studies were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Non-pharmacological interventions seem to have an important effect on weight gain prevention and control, and should be encouraged and adapted to patients and in mental health institution's reality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Obesity/prevention & control , Schizophrenic Psychology , Schizophrenia/therapy , Weight Gain/physiology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Combined Modality Therapy , Diet , Exercise , Obesity/chemically induced , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
8.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 29(4): 346-349, dez. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-471322

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Obesity and metabolic abnormalities are frequent in psychotic patients, including first-episode psychosis. We evaluated weight and metabolic parameters in first-episode psychotic outpatients from the First Episode Psychosis Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHOD: Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, glucose and lipid levels were measured at baseline and after a six-month period. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were included and 44 (77.2 percent) of them finished the study. Patients had a median age of 26.3 years, 60 percent were men and 43 percent had a diagnosis of schizophrenia at the endpoint. Weight and BMI values increased significantly during the follow-up (p < 0.01). The average weight gain at the follow-up was 10.1 percent of the baseline weight (SD = 11.9). Only women presented significant waist abnormalities: at the first assessment the waist mean was 79.12 cm (SD = 10.68) and 6 months later it had increased to 89.65 cm (SD = 11.19, z = -3.182, p = 0.001). After 6 months, the total cholesterol (p = 0.004), and triglyceride levels (p = 0.016) increased, while HDL-cholesterol levels decreased (p = 0.025). During the follow-up period one patient (2.3 percent) developed diabetes mellitus, one (2.3 percent) presented altered fasting glucose, 12 (27.2 percent) patients developed at least two altered parameters for metabolic syndrome and 3 (6.8 percent) patients developed metabolic syndrome (p = 0.001). DISCUSSION: The results of this study showed that in a short period of time individuals under antipsychotic treatment had their weight increased significantly and developed important metabolic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of these risks, choose an antipsychotic that causes less weight gain and should monitor these patients carefully, and recommend prophylactic measures as diet restriction and physical activities.


OBJETIVOS: Obesidade e alterações metabólicas são freqüentes em pacientes psicóticos, inclusive no primeiro episódio psicótico. Foram avaliados peso e parâmetros metabólicos em pacientes em tratamento no Programa de Episódio Psicótico da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. MÉTODO: Peso, altura, medida de cintura e quadril, glicemia e perfil lipídico foram avaliados no início do tratamento e após seis meses. RESULTADOS: Cinqüenta e sete pacientes foram incluídos no estudo e 44 (72 por cento) concluíram o estudo. Os pacientes apresentavam em média 26,3 anos, 60 por cento eram do sexo masculino e, ao final do estudo, 43 por cento apresentavam diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Houve aumento significativo do peso e índice de massa corporal durante o estudo (p < 0,01). Em média, o peso aumentou 10,1 por cento do peso inicial (SD = 11,9). Apenas mulheres apresentaram alterações na medida da cintura: no início, a média da cintura era de 79,12 cm (SD = 10,68) e, após seis meses, houve um aumento para 89,65 cm (SD = 11,19, z = -3,182, p = 0,001). Após seis meses, houve aumento do colesterol total (p = 0,004) e triglicérides (p = 0,016), e diminuição dos níveis de colesterol HDL (p = 0,025). No período, um paciente (2,3 por cento) desenvolveu diabetes mellitus, um paciente (2,3 por cento) apresentou glicemia de jejum alterada, 12 (27,2 por cento) desenvolveram pelo menos dois parâmetros alterados para síndrome metabólica, e 3 (6,8 por cento) apresentaram síndrome metabólica (p = 0,001). DISCUSSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo mostram que em um curto período de tempo pacientes em tratamento com antipsicóticos aumentaram substancialmente o peso e desenvolveram importantes alterações metabólicas. CONCLUSÃO: Os clínicos devem estar atentos a esses riscos, escolher medicações que causem menor ganho de peso, devendo monitorar esses pacientes cuidadosamente e recomendar medidas profiláticas como restrição dietética e atividade física.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Dyslipidemias/chemically induced , Metabolic Syndrome/chemically induced , Obesity/chemically induced , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Weight Gain/drug effects , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Brazil/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
10.
Mudanças ; 8(14): 13-33, jul.-dez. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-319121

ABSTRACT

Ultimamente temos nos deparado, em nosso ambulatório de saúde mental, com formas curiosas de expressäo da desorganizaçäo psíquica. Säo queixas do tipo: Estäo escaneando minha mente, ou, O movimento do mouse move minha cabeça e minha vagina. Säo novos conteúdos representacionais e ideativos para os delírios clássicos. O mesmo ocorre com pacientes que na Internet criam diferentes identidades, inclusive sexuais, cada uma comunicando-se e relacionando-se com diferentes pessoas. Säo novas forma de expressäo das fantasias sexuais e da vida fantasmática. Nossa proposta é, porém, de apresentar algumas idéias sobre o que é considerado como algo característico de nossos dias e os fenômenos de ato puro e de psicose da açäo, e suas conseqüências na clínica psicológica e psiquiátrica. O domínio do ato também está presente em nosso cotidiano : säo os comportamentos desmedidos dos navegadores da Internet, dos adeptos dos videogames, dos aficionados pelo malhar nas academias de ginástica, dos consumidores compulsivos, dos fanáticos pelos regimes de emagrecimento, dos workaholics, além dos adictos a drogas. É o imperativo do ato, do ocupar-se de modo incessante e interminável, nos moldes de um moto contínuo. É o marco da pressa, da velocidade, da impossibilidade de pausa, de parada, de postergaçäo. A discussäo focaliza os conceitos de ato puro, diferente do acting out, e da psicose da açäo introduzidos pelo psicanalista F. Herrmann. Estas noções säo ilustradas por meio de discussäo de um caso clínico, com dados do acompanhamento psiquiátrico e do Rorschach


Subject(s)
Personality Disorders , Psychoanalysis , Psychopathology , Rorschach Test
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